Nature
Forests
Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park was created with the aim of preserving the diversity of wild nature areas, especially its virginal mountain forests. Hiking through the northern part of the National Park (Kharagauli District) up to 1000m, you will find yourself in a mixed broadleaved forest composed of chestnut trees, beech and hornbeam with intermittent alder trees, lime, colchic oak and others. The evergreen understorey represented by rhododendron, cherry laureland others of the colchic forest lend them a distinctly subtropical appearance. Going up to 1400m to the middle part of the forest zone you will see beech forest and mixed coniferous-broad-leafed forest groves.
This part is especially picturesque at the end of October and beginning of November. On the upper belt of the forest zone (1800m), dark coniferous forests composed of spruce and fir prevail. In the gorges of the southern part of the National Park the distribution of elements of colchic vegetation is greatly reduced - instead, oak and pine tree forests are developed. Visitors who climb up to the subalpine zone of the National Park (1800-2200m) can observe subalpine forests and bushes composed mainly of rhododendron, subalpine meadows marked for their colourful variety, and subalpine tall grasses. Birch, Mountain maple and mountain oak as well as pine forests are well developed.
Flora
Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park is well known for its rich and diverse fauna, characteristic of the Colchis and Caucasian bio-geographic area. Within the National Park the fauna of the forest and sub-alpine zone of the western Caucasus is well represented.
Birdwatchers never have trouble spotting a wide variety of species, because the National Park lies on the migration route of many migrating birds. For many, a special treat is spotting the endemic caucasian black grouse (Lyrurus / Tetrao mlocosiewiczi). In spring and autumn you can see large flocks of beautiful yellowish bee-eater.
In the virgin forests live relatively permanent populations of the brown bear, wolf, lynx, red deer and chamois.
Fauna
The vegetation of the Park presents a great number of pleasant surprises and encounters with lots of beautiful blossoming plants.
In the northern (Kharagauli) part of the National Park between 400 - 1800 m Colchic forest vegetation predominates. The peculiarity of the colchic forest is the understorey growth of semi-creeping evergreen bushes such as rhododendron, cherry-laurel, ilex and others. It is particularly impressive to visitors around spring when rhododendron ponticum and rhododendron luteum are blossoming. Hiking up to around 2000 m you will find subalpine meadows with caucasian lotus, ranunculus, alchemilla, anemone and others, distinguished for their colourful variety, as well as subalpine tall grasses. At Mt Samethskhvario, 2642m, the highest point of the national park, you will enjoy a picturesque variety of plants blossoming in July-August.
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